The essential feature of ADHD is persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that impacts an individual’s functioning or development. ADHD is a disorder that begins in childhood and the symptoms become present before the age of 12 years and exist across at least two settings, such as the home and school environments. ADHD occurs in most cultures in about 5% o children and 2.5% of adults. Parents typically first observe excessive motor activity when a child is a toddler but the symptoms of ADHD are incredibly difficult to distinguish from typical behaviors before the age of 4. Thus, when children enter elementary school, symptom of inattention become more apparent and easier to distinguish from the behaviors of other children. In preschool, the typical presentation of ADHD is the presence of hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Several comorbid disorders are frequent in those with an ADHD disorder. For example, oppositional defiant disorder co-occurs with ADHD in approximately 50% of children with symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and about 25% of children with the predominantly inattentive presentation. Conduct disorder co-occurs in about 25% of children or adolescent with symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsively. Specific learning disorders (e.g, dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) are commonly present when symptoms of ADHD exist. Anxiety, depression, and substance use also commonly co-occur as well. Therefore, it is important to identify if symptom of ADHD are present.

ADHD is also one of the most common co-occurring diagnosis. If you are looking specifically for an ADHD evaluation, please visit the ADHD evaluation page.

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There may be several reasons why an individual experiences a decline in their cognitive functioning. Someone or those around them may notice changes that include trouble remembering things, difficulty in learning new things, concentration, visual problems, trouble speaking, difficulties recognizing people and places, becoming overwhelmed in new situations or places, confusion or agitation, changes in their mood and behavior, changes in their speech, and difficulties with activities of everyday living. Here are some common reasons for a decline in cognitive functioning:

• Delirium

• Alzheimer Disease

• Huntington Disease

• Stroke

• Developmental Disorders

• Head Injuries

• Multiple Sclerosis

• Parkinson’s Disease

• Lewy Body Dementia

• Meningitis

• Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome

• Alcohol, drugs, toxins

• Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome

There are several communication disorders that we commonly assess for:

• Language Disorder

• Speech Sound Disorder

• Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

• Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

There are several types of dementia that include the following:

• Alzheimer’s Disease

• Frontotemporal dementia

• Lewy body dementia

• Vascular dementia

• Mixed

Signs and symptoms may vary and can depend on many factors. The following are common signs:

• Memory loss

• Poor judgement

• Confusion

• Difficulty speaking

• Difficulty understanding and expressing thoughts

• Difficulties with reading and writing

• Wandering and getting lost in familiar locations

• Trouble managing money responsibly and paying bills

• Repeating questions

• using unusual words to refer to familiar objects

• taking longer to complete normal daily tasks

• loss of interest in normal daily activities or tasks

• Hallucinations or delusions

• Paranoia

• Acting impulsively

• Not caring about other people’s feelings

• losing balance and problems with movement

Intellectual disability disorders significantly impact a child’s functioning and my persist throughout the lifespan. It is important to identify delays and intellectual functioning as early as possible. The two disorders in this category consist of:

• Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)

• Global Developmental Delay

There are a variety of emotional disorders one may experience that impacts their neuropsychological functioning. These may include the following:

• Anxiety disorders

• Depressive Disorders

• Paranoid Personality Disorder

• Schizoid Personality Disorder

• Schizotypal Personality Disorder

• Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Borderline Personality Disorder

• Histrionic Personality Disorder

• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• Anxious Personality Disorder

• Dependent Personality Disorder

• Avoidant Personality Disorder

There are several language disorders that impact someone’s receptive, expressive, and pragmatic language abilities. These may include the following:

• Speech sound disorder

• Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)

• Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Although autism spectrum disorder is not considered a language disorder, symptoms of autism are often found in the neurological profiles of individuals with language difficulties. If you are in need of an autism spectrum disorder assessment, click here

We commonly assess for the following:

• Developmental Coordination Disorder

• Stereotypic Movement Disorder

• Tourette’s Disorder

• Motor and Vocal Tic Disorders